One of the most difficult challenges facing the federal government in general and defense agencies in particular is how to protect data in-transit across wireless networks, while allowing agencies to benefit from mobile computing. In April 2004, the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) issued DoD 8100.2, entitled “Use of Commercial Wireless Devices, Services and Technologies in the Department of Defense (DoD) Global Information Grid (GIG),” a policy that set a range of requirements for wireless security. These included mandating that all agencies adopt a Layer 2 encryption policy and that the solution must meet specific Federal security certifications such as the National Institute of Standards Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 140- 2 and NIAP Common Criteria validation. The result was that federal agencies deployed a wide range of proprietary solutions, which had to be overlaid on existing networks.